Some 800 million people globally – as many as a quarter of them in India – have no access to electricity. Far more suffer routine brownouts and power cuts. The result puts the rural poor, who are most impacted, at a severe disadvantage in every way: Health-care services are crippled, education is compromised, and entire communities are cut off from modern industrial and digital livelihoods. In short, a key determinant of social equity goes missing.  

Harish Hande, an energy engineer, started SELCO in 1995 to pioneer the delivery of decentralized solar power to India’s rural poor. He built an entire ecosystem around their needs: system designs tailored to their unique demands, affordable financing fit to their cash flow, culturally attuned service providers, and a network of partners dedicated to solving their hyper-specific problems. While other companies shunned the poor as unprofitable, Hande built a profitable business by catering to them. Through the non-profit SELCO Foundation, he’s now scaling up by nurturing other companies and nonprofits to replicate his model–across India and in other developing countries in Asia and Africa. This episode tells Hande’s story.

For the full transcript go to www.ssir.org/podcasts

The Northern Triangle countries of Latin America are some of the most violent in the world. El Salvador and Honduras have ranked among the highest murder rates for years. It’s not only the gang violence we hear most about, but also domestic abuse and gender-based violence. And the trauma it leaves behind has a devastating effect on entire communities, from the hospital staff who treat victims to police officers patrolling the streets—and especially on children and their ability to learn.

Celina de Sola spent a career in humanitarian aid work before returning to her hometown of San Salvador in 2007 to look for a way to protect children from violence. With her husband, Ken Baker, and brother Diego, she started with a single volunteer-led after-school club for kids in one of the city’s most dangerous neighborhoods. Today, Glasswing International equips schools, hospitals, and police forces with the knowledge and training to overcome the debilitating effects of violence-induced trauma. To date, Glasswing has reached more than 2 million children and adults in nine countries across Latin America—as well as in New York City. And it’s partnering with national governments to further scale up a “trauma-informed ecosystem” that not only improves students’ academic performance and resilience, but also creates a restorative antidote to help break the cycle of violence. This episode tells Glasswing’s story, including:

• the terrifying day-to-day life in gang-controlled neighborhoods
• how Celina’s childhood and humanitarian work led to Glasswing
• how school clubs provide a safe, caring environment to help children heal…
• …and the positive results on their academic performance and behavior
• the neuroscience of trauma—and how its impacts can be reversed
• healing the mental health wounds of hospital staff and police forces
• how Glasswing is helping public institutions reshape the services they provide

For the full transcript go to: https://ssir.org/podcasts/entry/healing_from_trauma

Smallholder farming in Africa is a precarious existence. Low economies of scale, commodity price swings, out-of-date agronomic practices, and the effects of climate change conspire to trap farm families in a never-ending cycle of poverty. At the same time, Africa’s booming youth population is entering a saturated workforce without enough jobs to absorb them. In Nigeria, the continent’s most populous nation, that has led to a surge of gang violence and a  wave of insurgencies over the last two decades.

Kola and Lola Masha, a Nigerian-born and US-educated couple, set out in 2012 to help mitigate the spread of both economic and physical insecurity. Their social enterprise, Babban Gona (“Great Farm” in the Hausa language), offers a rare model that not only makes farming lucrative and an attractive opportunity for Nigeria’s youth. It also has become a profitable and bankable business for commercial lenders. For the first time, they are committing capital to support smallholder agriculture at large scale—and in the process, potentially creating a pathway out of poverty for millions. Highlights of this episode include:  

• why smallholder farming is central to the poverty problem in Africa (3:42)
• the wave of violence in Nigeria fueled largely by unemployed youth (7:21)
• the Mashas’ rigorous process to identify agriculture as a job-creation engine (9:44)
• Trust Groups, or mini-cooperatives, and other core elements of the Babban Gona model (14:22)
• the impact on the lives of farm families (25:39)
• how Babban Gona is raising capital to super-scale the model (32:36)
• and how it mitigates climate change and other risks (39:39).

For the full transcript go to: https://ssir.org/podcasts/entry/from_plow_to_prosperity

For decades, smallholder farmers who produce the world’s supply of quality coffee in developing countries have barely earned enough to stay in business. Many have gone under. Millions of those still producing live in poverty and go hungry. Now climate change is threatening their livelihoods as well. The main problem is a supply chain stuffed with so many middlemen, each taking their cut, that only a fraction of the proceeds from pricey specialty-grade beans gets to the grower.

That was the picture in Nicaragua until Rob Terenzi, Noushin Ketabi, and Will DeLuca started Vega Coffee in 2013. On the face of it, their solution seemed simple: Enable the growers to process and ship roasted coffee directly to consumers in the US—thereby cutting out up to a dozen middlemen and retaining the earnings for themselves. It’s not that others hadn’t understood the problem before, but no one else had figured out how to solve it at scale. This episode follows Vega’s story, covering:

• Rob’s initial discovery of the coffee growers’ dilemma (0:36);
• the structural inequities of the global coffee trading system (4:37);
• why Fair Trade and other “certified” designations fail to pull growers out of poverty (6:46);
• Vega’s early challenges with roasting ovens (11:31) and transporting fresh beans to the US (13:08);
• tapping Nicaraguan growers’ skills (16:13) and prioritizing women to promote gender equity (18:22);
• growing the US customer base (22:05);
• expansion to Colombia through a partnership with Mercy Corps (26:35);
• and the promise of Vega’s model to rectify other broken supply chains of commodities around the world (28:52).

For the full transcript go to: https://ssir.org/podcasts/entry/a_fair_deal_for_coffee_growers

Nothing is more essential to life than clean drinking water. Where it’s in short supply—as in much of Africa and other developing regions—there’s opportunity for promoting good health, improving livelihoods, and making money. Jibu seeks to achieve all three through its franchises that treat, package, and distribute affordable water in the major cities of East Africa. For Jibu, selling water is ultimately a means to the end of spreading economic opportunity for the continent’s aspiring entrepreneurs.

A father-and-son team, Randy and Galen Welsch, started Jibu in 2012. The social enterprise is now a leading purveyor of bottled water in four countries and growing rapidly in three more. This episode traces the venture from:

• their early brainstorming sessions (03:59) to the failure of their pilot project in all three initial countries (05:54), the design of compact equipment tailored for developing markets (11:29),
• their priorities on recruiting women franchisees and employees to promote gender equity (17:24),
• structuring payment terms to make the franchise opportunity affordable to African entrepreneurs (25:52),
• and empowering local owners to make decisions that are key to growth and sustainability (29:36).

Additional Resources:

Source articles for this episode include:

• Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, the WHO’s latest data on water access around the world.
• Africa’s Cities: Opening Doors to the World, a World Bank report on the challenges faced by the continent’s urban centers.
• ilibrary.org/development/africa-s-urbanisation-dynamics-2020_b6bccb81-en;jsessionid=dqQPmRDfW2LUSviBJCp0Aidf.ip-10-240-5-102">Africa’s Urbanization Dynamics 2020, an analysis by the OECD of policy options for the development of African cities within their local contexts. 

The full transcript of the episode can be found at https://ssir.org/podcasts/entry/the_business_of_water.

From coal plants to large-scale agriculture, industrial activities contributing to the environmental crisis tend to concentrate in minority communities with little power, wealth, or legal knowledge to defend themselves. The consequences to health and livelihoods are frequently devastating.  To help them protect themselves, the nonprofit Namati trains paralegals to educate and organize ordinary citizens to fight for justice within the legal system and change the laws that threaten their well-being.

This episode tells the story of Namati and founder Vivek Maru’s lifelong campaign to give the vulnerable a voice in the legal systems that impact their lives. Now, as climate change exacerbates nearly every form of social injustice, Namati is doubling down on the threats to land and environmental rights by forming a coordinated movement of environmental justice organizations around the world. This episode:

• begins with a landmark land-grab case in Sierra Leone that illustrates the power of a community exercising its rights (0:06);
• explains how years of deep experience in individual cases can lead to systemic changes in laws that benefit entire societies (07:21);
• traces Maru’s personal history from the influence of his grandfather, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, through his college studies of the social movements of Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X (09:00);
• describes the origins of the Namati strategy in 1950s South Africa (11:52) and Maru’s first experience in combining law and community organizing in Sierra Leone (12:47);  
• chronicles the work of Namati on abuses of land, citizenship, and other rights from Myanmar to Kenya, and the formation of an international network of justice empowerment organizations (16:47);
• highlights Namati’s plans to turbo-charge its response to land and environmental abuses (22:05); and
• how Namati is now transferring its experience in developing countries back home to address environmental injustices in the United States (26:18).

Additional Resources:

Source articles for this episode include:

• Justice for All, the report of the Task Force on Justice, details the “justice gap” around the world.
• The Impact of Legal Empowerment on Barriers to Health Care describes Namati’s impact on health care rights in Mozambique.
• Justice and Identity in Kibera chronicles the efforts of paralegals to win Kenyan citizenship for the Nubian minority.
• rights.org/contemporary-and-emerging-human-rights-issues/the-escazu-agreement-a-landmark-regional-treaty-for-environmental-defenders/"> The Escazú Agreement about the landmark regional treaty for environmental defenders.
• The Justice Gap Report of the Legal Services Corp. details the lack of access to justice in the United States.
• Wakefield.pdf"> Financing People-Centered Justice in Africa unveils plans for the new Grassroots Legal Empowerment Fund.

The full transcript of the episode can be found at https://ssir.org/podcasts/category/unchartedground.

This is the second episode of a two-part series about raising the quality of health care in the developing world.

Even before the onslaught of COVID-19, public health services in many developing countries were chronically strained by a combination of burgeoning populations, severe shortages of trained clinicians, and growing burdens of disease. Noora Health harnesses an untapped resource—the family members of hospital patients in India—by training them in simple medical skills to help their loved ones recover with fewer complications and readmissions once they return home. Noora’s standard of caregiving is already helping to restore trust in India's beleaguered public system and may prove to be a critical element in the country's pursuit of universal health coverage.

This episode tells the story of Noora’s origins as a graduate school project of co-founders Edith Elliott and Shahed Alam and their serendipitous discovery of people's family members as a health resource. Follow their journey as they:

• developed empathy for hospital patients as young teenagers, through the trials of suffering family members of their own (05:02);
• devised a pilot test of their theory of change in an Indian cardiac hospital (10:04);
• determined to turn the school assignment into a professional mission (12:35);
• refined a comprehensive model (14:44) and partnered with the Indian state of Punjab to scale it up (22:47);
• and responded to the COVID-19 crisis in India with novel strategies to help vulnerable families of positive patients stay safe (28:51).

Additional Resources:

• Studies noted or alluded to in the episode:
  • Journal of Global Health Reports on the results of the Noora program on cardiac patient recovery;
  • BMJ Global Health article citing newborn care results to advocate for the importance of family-focused postnatal education.
• The Noora Health channel on YouTube, providing hundreds of examples of Noora’s materials, including Bollywood-style dramas (mostly in Indian languages).
• Blog post by Noora’s director of training, Anand Kumar, about how Noora began.

The full transcript of the episode can be found at https://ssir.org/podcasts/category/unchartedground.

This is the first episode of a two-part series about raising the quality of health care in the developing world.

Deb Van Dyke, a nurse practitioner for Doctors Without Borders, grew increasingly troubled over 15 years by the low quality of care provided by local health workers around Asia and Africa. So she set up Global Health Media, an international video production house, to make instructional videos customized for the developing world. They have since been used to train more than one million health workers, transforming the way frontline caregivers are learning essential skills and helping them save lives. 

This episode traces the journey of Van Dyke and Peter Cardellichio, the associate director of Global Health Media, as they built the organization from:

• Van Dyke’s earliest inspirations in South Sudan (0:06) and Afghanistan (10:25); 
• to their first disastrous film shoot in the Dominican Republic (13:36);
• and to the eventual success of their videos in more than 200 countries (20:38).

Along the way, we learn about:

• the crisis of frontline health care quality from Dr. Raj Panjabi, co-founder of Last Mile Health (7:46);
• how Van Dyke creates the videos to maximize impact for health workers (15:54);
• and why the videos have become so cherished by frontline workers, such as neonatal specialist Dr. Josh Bress (19:38) and S.D. Nyoni, a nurse inZimbabwe (24:16).

Additional Resources:

• Global Health Media videos described in the episode:
• • The Position of the Baby
  • Helping Babies Breathe at Birth
• Research from third-party field organizations on the impact of the videos in research.s3.amazonaws.com/Malaysia-peer-counselor-video-training.pdf"> Malaysia, research.s3.amazonaws.com/Uganda-women-video-education.pdf"> Uganda, research.s3.amazonaws.com/Ethiopia-neonatal-video-education.pdf"> Ethiopia, and research.s3.amazonaws.com/Rwanda-mothers-education-with-video.pdf"> Rwanda

The full transcript of the episode can be found at https://ssir.org/podcasts/category/unchartedground.