Note: Our friend Rupen Paul for The Right Room podcast helped us a lot in researching Robert Clive. So, go check out his podcast or find him on his socials here.After the Battle of Plassey, the British East India Company under the leadership of Robert Clive realised that they can administer the Indian colony and expand their territories and improve their profits. This led to a series of new policies which resulted in many battles.Battle of Buxar (23 June 1764)Fought against the British under Major Hector Munro by Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah of Avadh and Shah Alam II of MughalMir Qasim fled the battlefield and later committed suicideThe Allies are defeated and Mir Jaffer is again crowned as the puppet NawabThe company did not want to indulge in the administration of the countryThey wanted to expand their settlements to improve the tradeThey began involving in the affairs of the Princely States to achieve this objectiveThey began appointing Residents in all the Princely States to look after the relationship and trade between the company and the StateThe company wanted to use political, economic and diplomatic methods to extend their influenceWith the residents, the company decides who would be the successor and also who should be appointed in administrative posts in these Princely StatesRobert Clive chose Warren Hastings as the British Resident for Bengal in 1758Warren Hastings was one of the prisoners of Siraj-ud-Daulah during his campaign in Fort WilliamRobert Clive left India in 1760 amassing massive wealthClive returned to India in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar and was appointed the Governor of BengalAfter the death of Mir Jaffer in 1765, the tone of the company changedClive wrote a letter to the company chairman that they should become the nawab themselvesIn the same year, the dual system of governance was introducedDual System of Bengal (1765-1772):The East India Company set up a dual system of Diwan and NizamThe Diwan was selected by the company for revenue collection for them and the Nizam to rule the regionThe company basically took over the defence administration and left the nawab with the civil administrationThis happened under the Mughal emperor, Shah Alam II who was forced to allow the company to collect taxes from Bengal, Bihar and OrissaIn return, the company paid an annual tribute to the EmperorThe revenue received from these regions were used to buy merchandise from India and the returns would go to EnglandThus the company became economically self-sufficient in India - Thus began the British loot of IndiaThe Regulating Act of 1773The act brought the three provinces under one rule and established the governor-general of IndiaBy 1772, the company acquired Bombay and Madras, too, as their presidenciesWarren Hastings (1773-1785) became the first Governor-General of Bengal in 1771 and the Governor-General of India in 1773The Great Famine of 1770 (almost 10 million deaths) brought about a need to change the system in the coloniesThe share prices of the company plummet and the British Government had to bail out the companyHastings’ Judicial Plan of 1772 created Faujdhari (criminal) and Diwani Adalat in the districts of Bengal, Bihar and OrissaEach district had a district collector - he had the power of administrator, judge and magistrateThe Kazis and pandits translated the local laws to the officialsThis created a fair justice system and it led to the present-day District Administrative SystemIt helped correct the defects and retain the local traditions of the courts and law in the regionsBut it also this led to unsatisfactory judgements due to the bias of Kazis and panditsIn 1773, a Supreme Court was established in Fort WilliamIt was set up due to the dilemma the British government was in due to the importance of the company but their need to stop corruptionWant for expansionAfter Bombay and Madras presidency, the British wanted to ex
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