Vanilla and Chocolate — the two most beloved flavors in the world — have been linked since the beginning. Both products, the vanilla bean and the cacao pod, originated in Mexico, thousands of years ago, where Aztecs used vanilla to make the bitter cocoa powder in their sacred chocolate drink more palatable. Today these two flavors, in both natural and artificial form, dominate our dessert options, from ice cream scoops to the sweet snacks in grocery aisles. But both have complicated stories: long and hidden supply chains, an extraction of wealth from communities in the Global South, and all of the environmental and social problems that come from a system that leaves smallholder farmers in poverty. How can we reconcile our love of these essential flavors with their often problematic production? Can we hold large companies accountable?  And is it possible to produce vanilla and chocolate in a different and better way?

This episode features Jennifer Boggiss of Heilala Vanilla, Tim McCollum of Beyond Good, and Allie Brudney from Corporate Accountability Lab. 

What You’re Eating is produced by Nathan Dalton and FoodPrint.org, which is a project of the GRACE Communications Foundation. You can find us at www.FoodPrint.org where we have this podcast as well as articles, reports, a Food Label Guide and more.

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For well over a century, the hot dog has been the quintessential dirt cheap, flavorful, all-American meal — a kind of meaty blank slate on which to slather your regional preferences, like slaw, chili, relish or onions. But can a person who cares about what they're eating and the impact their food has on the environment — and animals, and meatpacking workers — eat a hot dog in good conscience? How about four or five hot dogs…every day? In this episode, we speak to writer Jamie Loftus who did just that, all to tell us the story — good, bad and ugly — of this handheld feast. 

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Why does the oyster — amorphous, slimy, hidden in a shell that’s craggier and stranger than that of a scallop or a clam — capture so many food-lovers’ hearts? What exactly is an oyster? Why are most of the oysters we eat farmed? And why, unlike other farmed seafood, are they considered such a benefit to their environment? In this episode, we head to the farm — the oyster farm — and talk to various experts to understand more about this beloved and very sustainable bivalve.

This episode features Rowan Jacobsen, author of A Geography of Oysters: The Connoisseur's Guide to Oyster Eating in North America and The Essential Oyster: A Salty Appreciation of Taste and Temptation, Dr. Christopher Gobler, professor at Stony Brook University's School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, plus a visit to Hog Island Oyster Co. in Marshall, California. 

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We can see the causes and effects of biodiversity loss all around us: only one variety of banana or pineapple for sale in every grocery store. Or the miles and miles or corn and soy you pass as you drive the roads of Iowa, Minnesota and  Illinois. Or the windshield effect: that there are far fewer dead insects on our windshields as we drive those country roads. Biodiversity refers to the awesome array of life on earth: everything from microbes to insects to plants to animals to entire ecosystems. We are right now in what’s being called “a biodiversity crisis”, in terms of the number of species we are losing and the increasing pace at which that loss is happening. The primary driver of species loss is our global agriculture system: in other words, the way we grow our food. And as we lose those varieties and breeds of animals and plants, we don’t just lose their genetics, we lose their unique tastes and flavors, too.

This episode features Preeti Simran Sethi, author of Bread, Wine, Chocolate: The Slow Loss of Foods We Love; Ricardo Salvador, Director of the Food and Environment Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists; Rowen White, a seed keeper, farmer, and founding member of the Indigenous Seed Keepers Network, a project of the Native American Food Sovereignty Alliance; Ryan Nebeker, Research and Policy Analyst with FoodPrint; and Urvashi Rangan, Chief Scientist for FoodPrint.

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For the conscious consumer, buying local products is a way to shorten that distance between us and what we eat or drink, and maybe even learn more about how it was produced by talking to the people who made it. But what about something like coffee, which doesn’t grow anywhere near those of us living in the continental United States? Do you know where your coffee comes from? And if you do know what country it comes from, maybe from the bag or canister you bought your beans in, do you know how it was grown? Or who grew it? Or how it transforms from a berry on a branch to the brown roasted “beans” you grind for your cup of Joe?

This episode features Dakota Graff, Director of Coffee at Onyx Coffee Lab; Bartholomew Jones, founder of CxffeeBlack; and Anna Canning, a coffee industry veteran who walks us through the many labels you might find on your bag of coffee.

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Maybe you’re concerned about climate change. Maybe you’re worried about how most livestock is raised in inhumane conditions. Or possibly you’re looking to make a change to your diet to be healthier. Whatever your reasons for eating less meat, whatever anyone’s reasons, it’s adding up to significant growth in what is now pretty universally being called “plant-based eating” — an umbrella term that includes everything from veganism to vegetarianism to flexitarianism to simply trying to eat a little less meat, dairy and eggs. But saying no to animal products and eating a diet rich in plants are not new ideas.

In this episode we speak with writer Alicia Kennedy about her new book, "No Meat Required: The Cultural History and Culinary Future of Plant-Based Eating" to learn more about how our vegetarian and vegan past can illuminate how we think about our plant-based future.

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What do you know about a class of chemicals called PFAS? You can’t see them, and you can’t smell them, but they’re there, providing water-resistance and grease-proof protection to burger wrappers and pizza boxes. But PFAS are used for lots more than transporting takeout. They’re used by manufacturers in items ranging from raincoats to contact lenses to toilet paper.  And the chemicals don’t just stay in these products. When we dispose of them, they end up in our soils and waterways. And the fact that they don’t break down has earned them the name “forever chemicals.” In this episode we head to Maine to learn more about PFAS and how they have ended up in well water, on farms, in food, and ultimately in people’s bodies.

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The good food movement, when it has talked about fast food, has focused on what’s wrong with the industrialized system that produces the burgers and buns and fries, or sometimes the food’s negative health impacts. Occasionally, criticisms have noted the deep ties between McDonald’s and the Black community, sometimes blaming communities of color for making bad food choices, sometimes blaming the fast food industry for being predatory with its advertising or store locations.

But the relationship between fast food and Black America is way more complicated. As Dr. Marcia Chatelain explains in her Pulitzer Prize winning book, “Franchise: The Golden Arches in Black America,” fast food restaurants have represented a business opportunity for Black franchisees, an employment opportunity for community residents, and a dining opportunity for Blacks who were excluded elsewhere. In today’s episode we talk with Dr. Chatelain about the history of that multifaceted relationship.

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The proliferation of big box stores and giant supermarket chains has changed the face of grocery shopping, taking the place of many locally owned, independent stores and sending profits out to corporate headquarters. Recently, those stores have even started to offer a wide variety of natural and organic foods, threatening the unique contributions of natural food stores and co-op grocers. So, what happens to those places? If you can find organic milk and bulk granola at Kroger, what does the co-op offer that the big box and chain stores cannot? In today’s episode we look at two models of consumer cooperatives, options for buying your food that rely on a less extractive model, where profit stays in the community: co-op grocers and community supported agriculture.

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Americans love shrimp. And one of the exciting developments of the past 20 years or so is that shrimp has gotten really affordable. It used to be a luxury food in the form of shrimp cocktails served at a steakhouse or a fancy wedding. Something for special occasions, slightly out of reach.

Today, shrimp is the number one most popular seafood in America, and as the price point has come way down, it’s become a staple, not just of affordable restaurant chains offering all you can eat, but also in our homes. Every supermarket offers giant frozen bags of it, with the heads and shells already removed if you want, sometimes uncooked, sometimes already boiled or breaded and fried. And it’s sometimes as little as $6 per pound. In today’s episode we talk to experts to find out how and when shrimp became so cheap. And why.

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