Disparities in healthcare quality and outcomes for gender (including people who are transgender ) and race are receiving more attention: for example, recent reports show black women have much higher mortality rates during and after pregnancy , and women and people of color receive less medical intervention for pain management and cardiovascular care. We discuss the history, systems, and personal biases that contribute, in a multitude of ways, to these disparities. Original air date: September 16, 2019 at 9 a.m.