The Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas MPAs have been proven to be an influential tool for marine conservation, with evidence showing improvements in biodiversity, habitat restoration, and fish stock regeneration within these protected zones. However, the effectiveness of MPAs can be limited by factors such as inadequate funding, weak enforcement, and lack of stakeholder involvement. Andrew Lewin believes that despite these challenges, MPAs remain vital for protecting the oceans. He discusses how well-managed MPAs contribute to the regeneration of fish stocks, bringing long-term ecological and socioeconomic benefits. Lewin also emphasizes the need for verified and validated research supporting MPA effectiveness, mentioning a recent study on large MPAs' impact on established fisheries.