In this episode, Amber and Anna talk about talking. It's finally an episode on linguistics! We think about Neanderthal speech, wrestle with syntax and semantics, and have a whole language family reunion. Links * What is Speech? What is Language? (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) [https://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/language_speech.htm] * The Neanderthal Throat—Did Neanderthals Speak? (Sapiens) [https://www.sapiens.org/column/field-trips/did-neanderthals-speak/] * Introduction to Linguistics (UCLA Linguistics) [intro.pdf">https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Kracht/courses/ling20-fall07/ling-intro.pdf] * Glottolog [https://glottolog.org/] * Map of Indo-European Languages (Wikimedia) [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/IndoEuropeanTree.svg] * The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World (via Google Books) [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Horse_the_Wheel_and_Language/0FDqf415wqgC?gbpv=0&hl=en] * The Origins of Proto-Indo-European: The Caucasian Substrate Hypothesis (Journal of Indo European Studies) [https://www.academia.edu/40002289/The_Origins_of_Proto-Indo-European_The_Caucasian_Substrate_Hypothesis_JIES_Volume_47_Number_1_and_2_Spring_Summer_2019_pre-print_] * Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe (Nature) [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14317] * Mysterious Indo-European homeland may have been in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia (Science) [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/02/mysterious-indo-european-homeland-may-have-been-steppes-ukraine-and-russia] * Telling Tales in Proto-Indo-European (Archaeology Magazine) [https://www.archaeology.org/exclusives/articles/1302-proto-indo-european-schleichers-fable] * Language Isolates and Their History, or, What's Weird, Anyway? [http://www2.hawaii.edu/~lylecamp/CAMPBELL%20BLS%20isolates.pdf] Contact * Email the Dirt Podcast Affiliates * Wildnote [http://www.wildnoteapp.com/] * TeePublic [https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=5724&ref_type=aff] * Timeular [https://timeular.com/ref/chriswebster/]