Last year, the United Kingdom passed the Investigatory Powers Bill, which codifies the British government's domestic surveillance authorities. The bill requires that surveillance orders be authorized and overseen by a group of "judicial commissioners," headed by an Investigatory Powers Commissioner. This marks the first time that judges will be involved in authorizing national-security surveillance in the UK. In March, Prime Minister Theresa May appointed Lord Justice Adrian Fulford, the first Investigatory Powers Commissioner. Listen to audio of Sir Fulford delivering his address at the CNAS office on October 6.