What happens when the Supreme Court, the highest court in the land, seems to get it wrong? Korematsu v. United States is a case that’s been widely denounced and discredited, but it still remains on the books. This is the case that upheld President Franklin Roosevelt’s internment of American citizens during World War II based solely on their Japanese heritage, for the sake of national security. In this episode, we follow Fred Korematsu’s path to the Supreme Court, and we ask the question: if you can’t get justice in the Supreme Court, can you find it someplace else?

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Fred Korematsu, c. 1940s

(Courtesy of the Fred T. Korematsu Institute)

Fred Korematsu, second from the right, is pictured with his family in the family flower nursery in Oakland, CA, 1939.

(Courtesy of the family of Fred T. Korematsu, Wikimedia Commons)

 The key voices:

• Fred Korematsu, plaintiff in Korematsu v. United States who resisted evacuation orders during World War II.
• Karen Korematsu, Fred’s daughter, Founder & Executive Director of Fred T. Korematsu Institute
• Ernest Besig, ACLU lawyer who helped Fred Korematsu bring his case to the Supreme Court
• Lorraine Bannai, Professor at Seattle University School of Law and Director of the Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality 
• Richard Posner, retired Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit

The key cases:

• 1944: Korematsu v. United States

The key links:

• Fred T. Korematsu Institute
• Densho Archives

Additional music for this episode by The Flamingos, Lulu, Paul Lansky, and Austin Vaughn.

Special thanks to the Densho Archives for use of archival tape of Fred Korematsu and Ernest Besig. 

Leadership support for More Perfect is provided by The Joyce Foundation. Additional funding is provided by The Charles Evans Hughes Memorial Foundation.

Supreme Court archival audio comes from Oyez®, a free law project in collaboration with the Legal Information Institute at Cornell.