Vincent Schiraldi, secretary of the Department of Juvenile Services in Maryland, former commissioner of both the New York City Department of Probation and Correction, co-founder of the Columbia University Justice Lab, and the author of Mass Supervision: Probation, Parole, and the Illusion of Safety and Freedom (The New Press, 2023), drawing on his experience and research, argues for the end of parole and probation which he says do not positively impact incarceration or crime rates.