Today, you’ll learn about the real science behind the five second rule and why you may wanna reconsider eating that candy off the ground, why researchers are looking to our furry friends to build better early warning systems for natural disasters, and why the first animal to ever fly had a real issue keeping its lunch down.

Drop a french fry? Maybe just leave it there. 

5-second rule: Science debunks food myth that stretches back to Gengis Khan by Sarah Wells

• https://www.inverse.com/science/five-second-rule-myth-debunk

The Science Behind The Five-Second Rule by Paul Dawson and Brian Sheldon

• https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-science-behind-the-five-second-rule/

Still Good? 5-Second Rule a Myth, Study Finds by Rachael Rettner

• 5-second-rule-myth.html">https://www.livescience.com/56158-5-second-rule-myth.html

Double Dipping? 5-Second Rule? Scientists Separate Food Fact From Fiction In New Book by Robin Young

• https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2018/11/16/double-dipping-5-second-rule-food-safety

What are your pets trying to tell you? Maybe there’s an earthquake incoming. 

The animals that detect disasters by Norman Miller

• https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220211-the-animals-that-predict-disasters

Can Birds Tip Us Off to Natural Disasters? by Jason Gregg

• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/can-birds-tip-us-natural-disasters-180978571/

Can animals sense when an earthquake is about to happen? by Anne Quain

• 09-animals-earthquake.html">https://phys.org/news/2021-09-animals-earthquake.html

Birds sensed severe storms and fled before tornado outbreak adapted from Cell Press publishing, article authored by Henry M Streby et al

• https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141218131413.htm
  • Cell Press published article
    • https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)01428-6

Earthquake Warning Systems by Wikipedia

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_warning_system

Nature of Pre-Earthquake Phenomena and their Effects on Living Organisms by Friedemann Freund and Viktor Stolc

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494396/

Predicting the unpredictable; evidence of pre-seismic anticipatory behaviour in the common toad by Rachel Grant

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227651706_Predicting_the_unpredictable_evidence_of_pre-seismic_anticipatory_behaviour_in_the_common_toad

Clues to how birds migrate using Earth's magnetic field by Helen Briggs

• https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-57582451

What do the first flying dinosaurs have in common with owls? Pellets. 

Fossils reveal that pterosaurs puked pellets by Carolyn Gramling

• https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pterosaur-fossils-puke-pellet-regurgitation-food

You may have missed… by Imma Perfetto

• https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/you-may-have-missed-30/

Like Owls, Some Prehistoric Flying Reptiles May Have Regurgitated Pellets by Margaret Osborne

• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/like-owls-some-pterosaurs-may-have-regurgitated-pellets-180979551/

What Is a Pterosaur? by American Museum of Natural History

• https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/pterosaurs-flight-in-the-age-of-dinosaurs/what-is-a-pterosaur

Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to get smarter with Calli and Nate — for free! Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers.

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Episode 14

Title: Burn Them Cals, Magic of Mushrooms, Flying at Mach 16

Description: 

Today, you’ll learn about some new, emerging data that is giving us surprising insight into human metabolism, how magic mushrooms are on the forefront of mental health treatment and new jet technology that could get us anywhere in the world in under two hours.

True or False: your metabolism slows as you age. The answer isn’t what you think! 

• “Burn, baby, burn: the new science of metabolism” by David Cox
  • https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/oct/30/burn-baby-burn-the-new-science-of-metabolism
• “Surprising findings about metabolism and age” by Fatima Cody Stanford, MD, MPH, MPA, FAAP, FACP, FTOS and Chika Anekwe, MD, MPH
  • https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/surprising-findings-about-metabolism-and-age-202110082613
• “Middle-age spread isn't down to metabolism, but we know how to beat it” by Sara Novak
  • https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25333774-900-middle-age-spread-isnt-down-to-metabolism-but-we-know-how-to-beat-it/
• “3 lifestyle changes that can boost your metabolism and prevent weight gain” by Brianna Steinhilber
  • https://www.today.com/health/diet-fitness/boost-metabolism-prevent-weight-gain-rcna19394

Mushrooms are more magical than fueling your next trip - they could help treat depression. 

• “Psilocybin treatment for major depression effective for up to a year for most patients, study shows” by Marisol Martinez
  • https://hub.jhu.edu/2022/02/16/psilocybin-relieves-depression-for-up-to-a-year/
• “Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up” by Natalie Gukasyan, Alan K Davis, Frederick S Barrett, Mary P Cosimano, Nathan D Sepeda, Matthew W Johnson, and Roland R Griffiths
  • https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02698811211073759
• “Psychoactive ingredient in 'magic' mushrooms may treat depression for much longer than traditional antidepressants when combined with therapy, study backed by Tim Ferriss finds” by Dr. Catherine Schuster-Bruce
  • https://www.businessinsider.com/magic-mushroom-depression-mental-health-treatment-psilocybin-therapy-tim-ferriss-2022-2
• “Can psychedelics meet their potential for treating mental health disorders?” by Laura Sanders
  • https://www.sciencenews.org/article/psychedelic-drugs-treatment-mental-health-disorders-depression
• “Decriminalizing 'magic mushrooms'? Rhode Island lawmakers are considering it. Here's why:” by Patrick Anderson
  • https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/politics/2022/03/08/rhode-island-considering-decriminalizing-magic-psilocybin-mushrooms/9412817002/

Getting anywhere in the world in 2 hours may not be the stuff of science fiction for much longer! 

• "The Experimental Engine That Could Get Us Anywhere in the World in 2 Hours" by Caroline Delbert
  • https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a34840801/sodramjet-engine-hypersonic-flight-test/
• “Chinese team test jet engine ‘able to reach anywhere on Earth within 2 hours’” by Stephen Chen
  • https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3111985/chinese-team-test-jet-engine-able-reach-anywhere-earth-within-2
• “China Tests Hypersonic Jet Engine That Can Go 16 Times the Speed of Sound” by  Fabienne Lang
  • https://interestingengineering.com/china-tests-hypersonic-jet-engine-that-can-go-16-times-the-speed-of-sound
• “Scientists Test Hypersonic Jet Engine Prototype That Could Travel Anywhere On Earth In 2 Hours” by Jack Dunhill
  • https://www.iflscience.com/technology/scientists-test-hypersonic-jet-engine-prototype-that-could-travel-anywhere-on-earth-in-2-hours/
• “How Does a Jet Engine Work” by NASA
  • https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
• “Aircraft Propeller Basics” by Southern Wings
  • https://www.southernwings.co.nz/aircraft-propeller-basics/
• “Keeping the SR-71 Blackbird (the World's First Stealth Plane) Secret Was Near Impossible” by Robert Beckhusen
  • https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/keeping-the-sr-71-blackbird-the-worlds-first-stealth-plane-17936
• “SR-71 Blackbird: Stories, Tales, and Legends” by Richard H. Graham
  • https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHkAJAq-2HQC&lpg=PA223&ots=9AS2-nsLCs&dq=limits%20on%20General%20staff%20on%20one%20flight&pg=PA223#v=snippet&q=record&f=false

Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to get smarter with Calli and Nate — for free! Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers.