After relative peace had finally arrived in China, the Manchus began a set of modernizing reforms. The reforms are commonly known as the self-strengthening phase or also known as the Tongzhi Restoration (named for the current Emperor).

Successful implementation of the right reforms might steer China into a better direction and help ensure its prosperity.  The reforms were both internal and external.  She relied to some extent on Western ideas and concepts, as Japan had done.

In the 1870s Japan began to reach out to China.  The two nations agreed to a treaty with each other in 1871.  It was a basic non-aggression and trade pact. 

In 1875, the Emperor Tongzhi died at the young age of nineteen.  He is remembered for little during his short life and reign.  He died without leaving an heir.